Application progress of single cell sequencing technology in diagnosis of genetic and reproductive / 国际生物医学工程杂志

The technique of prenatal diagnosis before embryo implantation has been greatly developed in assisted reproduction, especially for the people with abnormal genetic material to provide the technical possibility of eugenics and eugenics. As an emerging sequencing technology, single-cell sequencing can analyze the genome and transcriptome of cells from the level of a single cell, and reflect the heterogeneity between cells, thus helping to reveal the mechanism of the occurrence and development of diseases. Through prenatal diagnosis before embryo implantation and high-throughput sequencing of single cells obtained from embryo biopsy, euploidy of embryonic chromosomes can be effectively detected, and SNPs and chromosomal copy number variation, insertion, deletion and other variations can also be better detected. It can conduct the comprehensive detection and research of genomic polymorphism and mutation of individual and other species. In this paper, the single-cell sequencing technology and relevant methods was introduced, and the application scenarios of single-cell sequencing in genetic reproduction diagnosis were summarized. The applications of the technology in the field of genetic reproduction were described, and the future directions of the technology were discussed.

Interference of P2X4 receptor expression in tumor-associated macrophages suppresses migration and invasion of glioma cells / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of interference of P2X4 receptor expression in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) on invasion and migration of glioma cells.@*METHODS@#C57BL/6 mouse models bearing gliomas in the caudate nucleus were examined for glioma pathology with HE staining and expressions of Iba-1 and P2X4 receptor with immunofluorescence assay. RAW264.7 cells were induced into TAMs using conditioned medium from GL261 cells, and the changes in mRNA expressions of macrophage polarization-related markers and the mRNA and protein expressions of P2X4 receptor were detected with RT-qPCR and Western blotting. The effect of siRNA-mediated P2X4 interference on IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA and protein expressions in the TAMs was detected with RT-qPCR and Western blotting. GL261 cells were cultured in the conditioned medium from the transfected TAMs, and the invasion and migration abilities of the cells were assessed with Transwell invasion and migration experiment.@*RESULTS@#The glioma tissues from the tumor-bearing mice showed a significantly greater number of Iba-1-positive cells, where an obviously increased P2X4 receptor expression was detected (P=0.001), than the brain tissues of the control mice (P < 0.001). The M2 macrophage markers (Arg-1 and IL-10) and M1 macrophage markers (iNOS and TNF-α) were both significantly up-regulated in the TAMs derived from RAW264.7 cells (all P < 0.01), but the up-regulation of the M2 macrophage markers was more prominent; the expression levels of P2X4 receptor protein and mRNA were both increased in the TAMs (P < 0.05). Interference of P2X4 receptor expression significantly lowered the mRNA(P < 0.01)and protein (P < 0.01, P < 0.05)expression levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the TAMs and obviously inhibited the ability of the TAMs to promote invasion and migration of the glioma cells (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Interference of P2X4 receptor in the TAMs suppresses the migration and invasion of glioma cells possibly by lowering the expressions of IL-1β and IL-18.

Crosstalk between CpG Methylation and Polymorphisms (CpG-SNPs) in the Promotor Region of DIO2 in Kashin-Beck Disease / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective This study was designed to determine the methylation profile of four CpGs and the genotypes of two CpG-SNPs located in promoter region of DIO2 in patients with Kashin-Beck disease (KBD). We also analyzed the interaction between the CpGs methylations and CpG-SNPs. Methods Whole blood specimens were collected from 16 KBD patients and 16 healthy subjects. Four CpGs and two CpG-SNPs in the promoter regions of DIO2 were detected using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). The CpGs methylation levels were compared between samples from KBD patients and healthy subjects. The methylation levels were also analyzed in KBD patients with different CpG-SNP genotypes. Results The mRNA expression of DIO2 in whole blood of KBD patients was significnatly lower than in healthy controls (P <0.05). The methylation levels of DIO2-1_CpG_3 in KBD patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (P <0.05). The methylation levels of four CpGs were not significantly different between KBD patients and healthy controls. The methylation level of DIO2-1_CpG_3 in the promoter region of DIO2 in KBD patients with GA/AA genotype was significantly higher than that of KBD patients with GG genotype (P <0.05). Conclusion The methylation level of DIO2 increases in KBD patients. Similar trends exist in KBD carriers of variant genotypes of CpG-SNPs DIO2 rs955849187.

Expression of Glutathione Peroxidases and Its Effect on Clinical Prognosis in Glioma Patients / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of glutathione peroxidase(GPX)genes and the clinical prognosis in glioma patients,and to construct and evaluate the model for predicting the prognosis of glioma. Methods The clinical information and GPX expression of 663 patients,including 153 patients of glioblastoma(GBM)and 510 patients of low-grade glioma(LGG),were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database.The relationship between GPX expression and patient survival was analyzed.The key GPX affecting the prognosis of glioma was screened out by single- and multi-factor Cox's proportional-hazards regression models and validated by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(Lasso)regression.Finally,we constructed the model for predicting the prognosis of glioma with the screening results and then used concordance index and calibration curve respectively to evaluate the discrimination and calibration of model. Results Compared with those in the control group,the expression levels of GPX1,GPX3,GPX4,GPX7,and GPX8 were up-regulated in glioma patients(all P<0.001).Moreover,the expression levels of other GPX except GPX3 were higher in GBM patients than in LGG patients(all P<0.001).The Kaplan-Meier curves showed that the progression-free survival of GBM with high expression of GPX1(P=0.013)and GPX4(P=0.040),as well as the overall survival,disease-specific survival,and progression-free survival of LGG with high expression of GPX1,GPX7,and GPX8,was shortened(all P<0.001).GPX7 and GPX8 were screened out as the key factors affecting the prognosis of LGG.The results were further used to construct a nomogram model,which suggested GPX7 was the most important variable.The concordance index of the model was 0.843(95%CI=0.809-0.853),and the calibration curve showed that the predicted and actual results had good consistency. Conclusion GPX7 is an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis of LGG,and the nomogram model constructed with it can be used to predict the survival rate of LGG.

Newborn screening and genetic analysis of methylmalonic acidemia in Shaanxi province / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective:To analyze the incidence, biochemical and molecular characteristics, and gene mutation spectrum of neonatal methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) in Shaanxi province.Methods:This study involved 146 152 newborns undergoing neonatal screening for methylmalonic acidemia by tandem mass spectrometry in Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital from January 2014 and December 2019. Clinical manifestations and follow-up data of newborns diagnosed with MMA and their acylcarnitine profiles and gene mutations were analyzed. According to whether they had elevated homocysteine or not, these patients were divided into two groups, the complicated group and the isolated MMA group. The control neonates were those excluded from having methylmalonic acid by re-examination. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test was conducted for statistical analysis. Results:(1) Twenty-one cases of MMA were confirmed with an incidence of 1/6 960, including 11 cases (52.4%) of isolated MMA (isolated MMA group) and 10 (47.6%) complicated by elevated homocysteine (complicated group). Eight patients in the isolated group had symptoms within one month after birth, mainly feeding difficulties, vomiting, drowsiness, poor response and infection, and five died. Patients in the complicated group were all diagnosed before developing typical clinical symptoms, and no developmental abnormalities were reported during follow-up. (2) Blood propionyl carnitine and its ratios to acetylcarnitine and free carnitine in the isolated MMA and complicated groups were higher than those in the control group [ M (min-max), 9.26 (3.70-37.78) μmol/L and 7.27 μmol/L (3.58-13.62 μmol/L) vs 4.51 μmol/L (1.48-8.69 μmol/L), H=23.239; 1.12 (0.32-2.43) and 0.74 (0.36-1.90) vs 0.25 (0.09-0.45), H=47.061; 0.94 (0.12-1.92) and 0.56 (0.18-1.03) vs 0.17 (0.06-0.38), H=36.868; all P<0.001]. The blood methionine level in the complicated group was significantly lower than that in the isolated MMA group [7.64 μmol/L (3.40-19.25 μmol/L) vs 24.22 μmol/L (10.73-56.55 μmol/L), U=3.000, P<0.001]. (3) All 21 patients carried complex heterozygous mutations or homozygous mutations in pathogenic genes, including 15 distinct MMUT mutations and 13 distinct MMACHC mutations. In the isolated MMA group, the most common mutation was c.323G>A (p.Arg108His) in the MMUT gene with a positive rate of 13.6%, and an unreported mutation, c.1676+11A>G, with unidentified clinical significance, was also found. The most common mutations in the complicated group were c.609G>A (p.Trp203Ter) and c.567dupT (p.Ile190fs) in the MMACHC gene, and the positive rates were both 20.0%. Moreover, two unreported variants, c.430-2A>C and c.648_650delAGA (p.216_217delSEinsS), were detected and suspected to be pathogenic. Conclusions:MMA is not uncommon in Shaanxi province. Children with isolated MMA tend to be more severe clinically. The identification of hotspot mutations, including c.609G>A (p.Trp203Ter) and c.567dupT (p.Ile190fs) in MMACHC gene and c.323G>A (p.Arg108His) in MMUT gene, provides a foundation for further genetic screening, counseling, and prenatal diagnosis, and is conducive to reduce the mortality and disability rate of neonatal MMA.

Changes of Gene Expression Profile in Cardiac Mesenchymal Cells in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Screening of Their Related Environmental Chemicals / 中国医学科学院学报

To study the gene expression of cardiac mesenchymal cells in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)based on a whole-genome high-throughput sequencing dataset,screen differentially expressed genes,analyze the genetics signature of cardiac mesenchymal cells in T2DM patients by bioinformatics analysis,and explore the environmental chemicals related to the key differentially expressed genes. The dataset GSE106177 was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database.The dataset was pre-processed and analyzed by Network Analyst,Cytoscape 3.7.1,String11.0,CTD,and HMDD for screening for differentially expressed genes,enrichment analysis,establishment of protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks,and screening for relevant environmental chemicals. The gene expression pattern of cardiac mesenchymal cells in T2DM patients was significantly different from that in the control group.There were 135 differentially expressed genes,of which 58 (42.96%) were up-regulated and 77 (57.04%) were down-regulated.The differentially expressed genes mainly participated in biological processes such as multicellular organism development,anatomical structure development,and system development and were mainly involved in hepatocellular carcinoma,Cushing's syndrome,and cholesterol metabolism.PPI network showed that UBC was the core protein node.The microRNA-Gene interaction network showed that seven microRNAs,represented by hsa-mir-8485,interacted with the differentially expressed genes.Key T2DM related genes such as UBC,DNER,and CNTN1 interacted with bisphenol A. The gene expression profile of cardiac mesenchymal cells markedly changes in T2DM patients,during which UBC may play an important biological role.Bisphenol A exposure may also affect the development and normal function of cardiac cells in T2DM patients.

Exploration of the association between meteorological factors and incidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease based on the distributed lag non-linear model in Jiangyin / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To explore the effect of meteorological factors on the incidence of hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Jiangyin City. Methods The distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was used to estimate the delayed and cumulative effects of meteorological factors on incidence of HFMD in Jiangyin from 2012 to 2017. Results A total of 21 791 HFMD cases were reported in Jiangyin City during 2012-2017. We observed significant correlations between the daily incidence of HFMD and daily mean temperature (rs=0.402, P<0.001), daily mean pressure (rs=-0.453, P<0.001), and daily mean relative humidity (rs=0.075, P<0.001), respectively. It was indicated that the maximum cumulative effect of daily mean temperature on the incidence of HFMD was 11 ℃ (RR=1.473, 95% CI: 1.99-1.974), and the impact on the onset of HFMD was acute and hightest at the first day (RR=1.090, 95% CI: 1.045-1.136). The cumulative effect on incidence of HFMD was highest at 85% daily relative humidity (RR=1.346, 95% CI: 1.154-1.571), and the impact on HFMD peaked on the 6th day (RR=1.023，95% CI: 1.015-1.031); The maximum cumulative effect of daily mean pressure with the incidence of HFMD was 1010.0 hpa (RR=1.221, 95% CI: 1.020-1.463), but no lag effect was observed at this level. Conclusions Meteorological factors have significant impact on the incidence of HFMD in Jiangyin City, and the effects of temperature and humidity are lagged.

Mechanism of diabetic kidney disease and its relationship with cardiovascular disease based on genomics / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To provide the basis for early diagnosis and clinical treatment for diabetic kidney disease(DKD)and cardiovascular disease by analyzing the causes of DKD and the relationship between them. Methods Microarray gene chip data from the glomerulus in DKD were downloaded from GEO Database.The gene expression profile,gene function,protein-protein interaction network,gene and signal pathway co-expression network of control and DKD groups were analyzed and the key node genes between the two groups were selected by R,QOE,GCBI,STRING and Genclip.Results The gene expression profile of glomerular tissue in DKD patients was significantly altered.Compared with control group,there were 844 differentially expressed genes in DKD patients.One protein-protein interaction network with the core of TNNT 2 occurred among top 20 differentially expressed genes.Differentially expressed genes were mainly related to inflammatory and stress responses,as well as to MAPK signal pathway.Conclusion The cause of DKD is mainly related to inflammatory and stress responses, which are also related to cardiovascular disease.

An Analysis of Stimulating Occlusal Trauma on Condyle Using Three-Dimensional Finite Element Model / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To provide evidence for the relationship between TMD and occlusal trauma by studying the mechanics influence and displacement of condyle by building the three dimensional finite element analysis model andstimulating the abnormal bite force leading occlusal trauma.Methods We collected DICOM date of healthy male volunteers with normal occlusal relationship using CBCT scan with constraint on condylar top and formed the finite model with divide mesh.Two conditions were built: (1) We operated different vertical load on the left mandibular molar occlusal surface; (2) We operated different buccal direction load on the same modelto study the mechanic change on left condylar.Results When the three dimensional finite model of mandible was built, the mechanic region of condyle stayed the same but the stress and tension increased accordingly as the loda duplicate rose. As the same buccal operation load was operated,the stress and tension became larger and the displacement became longer.Conclusion The abnormal bite force causing occlusal trauma can change mechanic conduct on condyle and lead to the pathological change of condyle.

Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes and the Interaction Network between Acute and Chronic Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura in Children / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To analyze the differentially expressed genes and key proteins in T cells between acute and chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in children and provide the basis for the prevention and therapies of this disease. Methods Microarray gene chip data from T cells of children with acute or chronic ITP were downloaded from the GEO Database. The gene expression profiles,gene function,and protein interaction network were analyzed by R,QOE,Networkanalyst,GCBI,and GenClip. Results The gene expression profiles between these two groups were significantly different. Among the 54 675 genes analyzed,there were 457 (0.84%) differentially expressed genes between these two groups. In the protein interaction networks among top 20 differentially expressed genes,the core was JUN(down-regulated) and ITCH(up-regulated),which were both related to the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway;differentially expressed genes were mainly related to the activation and tolerance of T cell. Conclusions The gene expression profiles differ between acute and chronic ITP patients,suggesting that the gene transcription profile plays a regulatory role in the different stages of ITP. JUN and ITCH may play a role in predict the progression of ITP and may exert their biological functions by regulating the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway.

Application of array comparative genomic hybridization analysis for fetuses with growth anomalies / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the genetic etiology for fetuses featuring intrauterine growth anomalies using array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-nine fetuses were enrolled in this study. Genomic DNA of the abortive tissues was analyzed with aCGH.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fourteen (28.6%) samples were found with chromosomal aberrations, which included 8 chromosomal aneuploidies and 6 micro-aberrations (4 with known clinical pathogenecity and 2 with unknown clinical significance).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations underlie a significant proportion of fetal growth anomalies. aCGH has provided an effective method for delineating their genetic cause.</p>

Time Series Models for Short Term Prediction of the Incidence of Japanese Encephalitis in Xianyang City, P R China / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective To construct a model of Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) for forecasting the epidemic of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in Xianyang, Shaanxi, China, and provide valuable reference information for JE control and prevention. Methods Theoretically epidemiologic study was employed in the research process. Monthly incidence data on JE for the period from Jan 2005 to Sep 2014 were obtained from a passive surveillance system at the Center for Diseases Prevention and Control in Xianyang, Shaanxi province. An optimal SARIMA model was developed for JE incidence from 2005 to 2013 with the Box and Jenkins approach. This SARIMA model could predict JE incidence for the year 2014 and 2015. Results SARIMA (1, 1, 1) (2, 1, 1)was considered to be the best model with the lowest Bayesian information criterion, Akaike information criterion, Mean Absolute Error values, the highest R, and a lower Mean Absolute Percent Error. SARIMA (1, 1, 1) (2, 1, 1)was stationary and accurate for predicting JE incidence in Xianyang. The predicted incidence, around 0.3/100 000 from June to August in 2014 with low errors, was higher compared with the actual incidence. Therefore, SARIMA (1, 1, 1) (2, 1, 1)appeared to be reliable and accurate and could be applied to incidence prediction. Conclusions The proposed prediction model could provide clues to early identification of the JE incidence that is increased abnormally (≥0.4/100 000). According to the predicted Results in 2014, the JE incidence in Xianyang will decline slightly and reach its peak from June to August.

Two surgical treatment methods for open angle glaucoma and cataract / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

To compare the curative effects of two surgical treatment methods for open angle glaucoma and cataract patients. ●METHODS: Totally 69 patients with primary open angle glaucoma and cataract were divided into two groups:group A and group B. Thirty- four patients (34 eyes) in group A underwent small incision non -phacoemulsification cataract surgery combined with trabeculectomy, just combined operations, 35 patients (35 eyes) in group B underwent small incision non -phacoemulsification cataract surgery beyond 6mo after trabeculectomy, just two stage operations. Postoperative intraocular pressure at 1wk and 3mo, postoperative corrected visual acuity and filtering bleb at 3mo were observed, and intraoperative and postoperative complications were compared. All the patients were followed up for 3-6mo. ● RESULTS: All the visual acuity were increased compared with that before surgery in two groups, the difference was not statistically significant. All the intraocular pressure was controlled in two groups, the difference was not statistically significant, and the difference about the filtering bleb was neither statistically significant ( P > 0. 05 ). There were no serious intraoperative and postoperative complications in two groups. ● CONCLUSlON: The two stage operations and the combined operations both can control theintraocular pressure and improved visual acuity of open angle glaucoma and cataract. The two stage operations may prevent a second operation for post trabeculectomy cataract, allowing earlier visual rehabilitation.

Mutations of the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene in phenylketonuria patients from Shaanxi / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feature of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene mutations and provide guidance for genetic and prenatal diagnosis of patients with phenylketonuria from Shaanxi.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>For 55 patients whose blood Phe concentration was over 2.0 mg/dL, potential mutations in 13 exons and flanking sequences of the PAH gene were detected by PCR and DNA sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 98 mutations were detected in 110 PAH alleles, with the detection rate being 89.10%. Nine mutations have been identified in exon 7, which accounted for 33.67% of all. Exon 12 (14.29%) and exon 3 (12.24%) have followed. Thirty eight mutations, locating in exon2-exon12 and the flanking sequence, were detected in the 55 PKU patients. p.R243Q (24.49%) was the commonest mutation, whilstp.A47E, p.I65S and p.A259T were first discovered in China. After querying international databases including PAHdb and HGMD, the p.C334X was verified as the novel PAH gene mutation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The mutation spectrum of the PAH gene in Shaanxi has been identified. And a novel mutation has been identified. This may facilitate the diagnosis of PKU in the future.</p>

A viral meningitis outbreak associated with Echo30 in drinking water / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the source of infection,the scope of epidemic and control measures in an outbreak involving students having symptoms as fever,dizziness,headache,vomiting and nausea.Methods The suspected-case was defined as fever (armpit temperature ≥37 ℃) and with one or more of the following symptoms:dizziness,headache,vomiting and nausea,among students and teachers at school from Mar 1,2012.Confirmed-case was among suspected case accompanied by both throat and rectal swabs enterovirus positive by RT-PCR.All the cases were collected through checking the medical records from 4 hospitals as well as through the absence records of students and teachers,from Mar 1,2012.We conducted a case-control study with ratio of 1 ∶ 2 and data on the exposures to water among students and teachers was collected prior to the illness.27 cases' throat and rectal swabs were collected and analyzed by RT-PCR and PCR sequence methods.2 warm-water samples were collected for testing the counts on total bacteria and E.coli.Results 103 students' cases were identified in school L,with the attack rate as 4.6％ (103/2255).Students from Grade three had the high attack rate as 18.1％ (72/397) and 77.7％ (80/103) of the cases located in the building with ' multiple-functions'.Epidemic curve of the outbreak showed a pattern with continuous common source of infection.It seemed that the exposure to warm-water appeared to be the major risk factor (OR =18.3,95％CI:2.0-169.5) together with the intake of un-boiled water (OR =15.5,95 ％CI:1.7-141.8).Specimens from 27 students (81.5％,22/27) were identified enterovirus positive by RT-PCR,and 7 of the 9 students were confirmed carrying Echo 30.Bacteria and coli were negative from the 2 warm-water samples.Conclusion This viral meningitis-outbreak was caused by Echo 30,with drinking water as the major risk factor.

Sirolimus-eluting stents for treatment of drug-eluting versus bare-metal stents restenosis: 42-month clinical outcomes from a Chinese single center / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Restenosis of bare-metal stents (BMS) and drug-eluting stents (DES) has been increasingly treated with sirolimus-eluting stents (SES), but the long-term outcomes are unknown.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In our study, 388 consecutive patients (144 DES restenosis and 244 BMS restenosis) with 400 lesions (147 DES restenosis and 253 BMS restenosis) treated with SES were included. The rates of target lesion revascularization (TLR) and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at 42 months were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At the mean follow-up of 42 months, the rates of death (3.5% vs. 3.3%, P = 1.000) and myocardial infarction (2.8% vs. 1.2%, P = 0.431) in the DES group and BMS group were comparable. Compared with the BMS group, ischemia-driven TLR occurred with a higher frequency in the DES group (18.8% vs. 10.7%, P = 0.024). This translated into an increased rate of MACE in the DES group (22.2% vs. 14.0%, P = 0.034). Stent thrombosis occurred with a similar frequency in both groups (2.8% vs. 1.6%, P = 0.475). Multivariate analysis showed that DES restenosis (OR = 1.907, 95%CI 1.108 - 3.285, P = 0.020) and smoking (OR = 2.069; 95%CI 1.188 - 3.605; P = 0.010) were independent predictors of MACE.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Although SES implantation appears to be safe and effective, it was associated with higher TLR recurrence for DES than BMS restenosis.</p>

Epidemiology and etiology of hand-foot-and-mouth disease seen in Jiangsu province from 2008 to 2010 / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the etiological and epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) seen in Jiangsu province from 2008 to 2010, and provide evidence for its prevention and control.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on the requirement of supervision program of HFMD, surveillance and report were done according to National Disease Supervision Information Management System. Descriptive epidemiological method, performed between 2008 and 2010, was used to analyze the time, region and population distribution and results of etiologic analysis of HFMD. Nucleic acid of enterovirus (EV) genome was detected by real-time RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average incidence rate of HFMD was 86.70 per million between 2008 and 2010, the peak incidence occurred in April to July. There were significant differences among the incidence in different districts (P<0.05), and the highest incidence was seen in the densely inhabited southern areas of Jiangsu province. Most of the cases were infants and children aged less than 5 years. The number of male cases (2008: 17,008, 2009: 48 768, 2010: 50,231) was much larger than that of the female cases 2008: 9662, 2009: 29 151, 2010: 30,655. The HFMD cases with mild symptoms were caused mainly by enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (Cox A16) and there was difference among different years. The severe HFMD cases and deaths were mainly caused by EV71 infection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The epidemiologic characteristics of HFMD in Jiangsu province from 2008 to 2010 had close relationship with season, population and region. The mild cases of HFMD were mainly infected with EV71 and Cox A16. However, EV71 illness seemed to be more severe and had significantly greater frequency of serious complications and fatality than the illness caused by Cox A16.</p>

The application of time series analysis in predicting the influenza incidence and early warning / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This research aimed to explore the application of ARIMA model of time series analysis in predicting influenza incidence and early warning in Jiangsu province and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of influenza epidemic.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The database was created based on the data collected from monitoring sites in Jiangsu province from October 2005 to February 2010. The ARIMA model was constructed based on the number of weekly influenza-like illness (ILI) cases. Then the achieved ARIMA model was used to predict the number of influenza-like illness cases of March and April in 2010.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ARIMA model of the influenza-like illness cases was (1 + 0.785B(2))(1-B) ln X(t) = (1 + 0.622B(2))ε(t). Here B stands for back shift operator, t stands for time, X(t) stands for the number of weekly ILI cases and ε(t) stands for random error. The residual error with 16 lags was white noise and the Ljung-Box test statistic for the model was 5.087, giving a P-value of 0.995. The model fitted the data well. True values of influenza-like illness cases from March 2010 to April 2010 were within 95%CI of predicted values obtained from present model.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The ARIMA model fits the trend of influenza-like illness in Jiangsu province.</p>

Expression and significance of HOXA10 gene in the eutopic and ectopic endometrium of endometriosis / 中华妇产科杂志

Objectives To investigate the expression and clinical significance of HOXA10 gene in the eutopic and ectopic endometrium of endometriosis.Mehtods Between Jan.2009 to Aug.2010,30 patients with endometriosis undergoing laparoscopic surgery in Maternal and Children's Hospital of Foshan.Eutopic and ectopic endometrium were obtained.In the mean time,30 patients with benign ovary cyst or tubal infertihty undergoing laparoscopic surgery were selected as controls.Their uterine endometrium were obtained real-time fluorescent quantitation,western blot and immunohistochemistry technique were used to detect mRNA and protein expression of HOXA10 gene in the eutopic endometrium group,ectopic endometrium group and control group.Results The mRNA and protein expression of HOXA10 gene were 0.61 ±0.07 and 0.47 ±0.05 in the eutopic endometrium of endometriosis,0.64 ±0.06 and 0.50 ±0.05 in ectopic endometrium of endometriosis,which were significantly lower than 1.22 ± 0.14 and 1.42 ± 0.14 in control group ( P ＜ 0.01 ).However,the mRNA and protein expression of HOXA 10 between eutopic and ectopic endometrium of endometriosis did not reach statistical difference ( P ＞ 0.05 ).The expression of HOXA10 in eutopic and ectopic endometrium of endometriosis were decreased by immunohistochemistry staining.Conclusion The lower expression of HOXA10 gene in the eutopic and ectopic endometrium of endometriosis might be associated with pathogenesis and infertility of endometriosis.

Serologic survey on pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus among aged ≥3 years population from Jiangsu province in 2009, China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the antibody levels against pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus (2009 H1N1 ) among aged ≥3 years population in 2009, from Jiangsu province, and to describe the distribution of 2009 H1N1. Methods Serum specimens were collected from natural populations at four different periods in Jiangsu, and tested with hernagglutination-inhibition (HI)assays. Rates of protective antibody against 2009 H1N1 and Geometric mean titers (GMTs)were estimated. Results The rates of protective antibody against 2009 H1N1 rose with the and November, 2009. There were no significant differences on the rates of protective antibody between males and females at four different cross-sectional periods (P＞0.05), and no significant differences on GMTs were observed at different periods except for November 2009. Significant differences on rates of protective antibody and GMTs among various age groups were observed at four different periods (P＜0.05), and similar results were observed among different periods in various age groups (P＜0.05). There were significant differences on rates of protective antibody and GMTs among different areas (P＜0.05). Conclusion The 2009 H1N1 strain had been widely spread out in Jiangsu province since July 2009. People aged 12-17 years became the major victims after August. As of November 2009, the rate of protective antibody against 2009 H1N1 was still low, predicting that the epidemic might continue to exist for a certain period of time.